Zo Guide Subjects Verb Agreement -1

—Written by Elisa Lalrinngheta 

@Copy Right reserved by the author 

              Topic: Subject-Verb Agreement-1

✍️Introduction: Zirlai hmasa ah khan verb kan lo en ho tawh a tun ah chuan Subject verb Agreement kan lo en ho leh dawn a ni.He thil hi english grammar dik taka hman na kawng ah a pawimawh hle a,MPSc competitive exams ah pawh a pawimawh thei tur ang bera duan a ni, Zo Guide Note te hi Copyright reserved vek a ni a,India Danpui hmanga ti luih te hrem theih a ni bawk..

🤔 Subject Verb Agreement chu eng nge??

🙎🏻Subject-Verb Agreement hian a kawk chu: sentence (fiahna thu) chhunga Subject leh Verb te kha an tam lam (singular emaw plural emaw)-ah an inmil/an inrem tur a ni tihna a ni.

1. RULE BULPUI (BASIC RULE): 

Subject pakhat (Singular) a nih chuan Verb pawh pakhat (singular) hman tur a ni:

Entirnate:The girl is playing. (Hmeichhe naupang kha a infiam mek.)

He is a good boy. (Ani chu mipa naupang fel tak a ni.)

💡Hrilhfiahna: He sentence ah hian 'girl' leh 'he' te hi subject pakhat (singular) an nih avangin, an dawtah hian 'is' (singular verb) hman a ni.Subject tam (Plural) an nih chuan Verb pawh tam (plural) hman tur a ni:

Entirnate:

The girls are playing.

They are good boys.

💡Explanation: Here 'girls' and 'they' are singular subjects, so 'are' (plural verb) is used after the subject.

2. ERROR OF PROXIMITY (HNAIH VANG TIHSUAL):

Error of proximity hi verb-in subject tak tak a zui (agree) aiin, a hnaih bera noun emaw pronoun emaw a zui palh hian a thleng thin. Hei hian verb kha noun khawi ber nen nge inrem tur tihah hriat thiam lohna a siam fo thin a ni.

💡Entirnate:

❌A dik lo: The bouquet of roses were beautiful.

Hrilhfiahna: Heta subject chu "bouquet" a ni a, "roses" a ni lo. Verb hi "bouquet" (singular) nen a inrem tur a ni.

✅A dik: The bouquet of roses was beautiful.

🤔Hrilhfiahna: "Bouquet" hi singular a nih avangin verb chu "was" a ni tur a ni, "roses" kha plural (tam) ni mahse.

❌A dik lo: The team of players are practicing for the game.

✅Hrilhfiahna: He sentence-ah hian subject chu "team" a ni a, "players" a ni lo. Verb hi singular subject "team" nen a inrem tur a ni.

✅A dik: The team of players is practicing for the game.

🤔Hrilhfiahna: "Team" hi singular a nih avangin verb dik chu "is" a ni. 

🙋🏻Tihsual (error) hi verb-in a hnaih zawk "players" a zui palh avanga lo thleng a ni.

📌Prepositional Phrases chungchang

        He mi chungchangah hian, prepositional phrase-in subject-verb agreement a khawih dan hi a pawimawh hle. Prepositional phrase chu preposition (entirnan: "of", "in", "with", etc.) hmanga in tan a ni a. A pawimawh ber chu, prepositional phrase-a noun awm khan sentence-a subject ber verb inremna (agreement) kha a khawih danglam lo.Subject hriat hran dan:

🤔Sentence-a subject tak tak khan verb awm dan tur a hril a, prepositional phrase-a thumal awm khan a hril lo a ni.

A tlangpuiin, prepositional phrase-te hi hriat pawlh an awlsam hle, a bik takin verb hnaih taka thumal tam lam (plural nouns) an neih hian. Mahse, hetiang thumal te hi subject hrilhfiahtu mai an ni a, verb agreement-ah nghawng an nei lo.

3. "THERE" HMANGIN BUL TANNA (The Introductory 'There'):

       Tawngkam tam tak hi 'there' hmanga tan a ni thin a, chumi dawtah chuan verb 'to be' (is, are, was, were) te hi hman thin an ni. He 'there' hi subject tak a ni lova, tawngkam hnawhkhahna (expletive) mai a ni. Subject zawk chu verb hnungah a awm a, chuvangin verb hi a hnunga subject awm zat (pakhat nge tam zawk) nen khan a inrem (agree) tur a ni.

🤷🏻Entirnate:

❌Dik lo: There were a cat in the garden.

✅Dik: There was a cat in the garden.

🤔Hrilhfiahna: Subject chu "a cat" (pakhat) a nih avangin, verb pawh "was" (singular/pakhat sawina) hman tur a ni.

❌Dik lo: There is two books on the table.

✅Dik: There are two books on the table.

🤔Hrilhfiahna: Subject chu "two books" (pahnih/tam zawk) a nih avangin, verb chu "are" (plural/tam zawk sawina) a ni tur a ni.

4. ARTICLE NENA SUBJECT HMAN DUN (Subjects with Articles):

       'And' hi thumal pahnih emaw a aia tam emaw zawm khawm nana hman a ni. Subject pahnih 'and' hmanga zawm an nih a, subject tawn tawnin article ('a', 'an' emaw 'the' emaw) an neih ve ve chuan, mi hrang emaw thil hrang emaw an nih avangin verb chu 'plural' (tam zawk sawina) a ni tur a ni.

Entirnate:

The cat and the dog are playing in the yard.

💡Hrilhfiahna: "The cat" leh "the dog" hi thil hrang ve ve an ni a, article "the" ve ve an nei bawk. Chuvangin verb "are" (plural) hman a ni.

A doctor and a nurse work in the clinic.

💡Hrilhfiahna: "A doctor" leh "a nurse" hi mi hrang ve ve an ni a, article "a" ve ve an nei bawk. Chuvangin verb "work" hi plural a ni (singular nise 'works' a ni ang).

🤔Engvangin nge article-te hi an pawimawh?

         Subject hmaa article dah hian subject-te chu mi hrang an ni tih a tichiang a. Article a awm loh chuan a awmzia a danglam thei a, verb pawh plural a ni kher lo vang.

🤷🏻Article tel lohin (Dân dang)

Entirna: "The CEO and founder is giving a speech.

💡"Hrilhfiahna: Heta "The CEO and founder" hi mi pakhat, nihna (title) pahnih nei a ni a, mi hrang pahnih an ni lo. Mi pakhat chauh a nih avangin verb "is" (singular) hman a ni.

🤷🏻Dân pangngai lo (Exceptions):

Subject-ah singular leh plural noun awm kawpin: 

Entirna: "The cat and the mice are hiding." Singular "cat" leh plural "mice" hi "and" hmanga zawm an nih avangin plural verb "are" hman a ni.

🤔."And" hian thil pakhat (single idea) a kawp hian: 

Entirna: "Peanut butter and jelly is my favourite sandwich." Heta "peanut butter and jelly" hi sandwich tuihnai tak pakhat anga ngaih a nih avangin verb "is" hman a ni.

📌Collective nouns: 

Entirna: "The team and the coach are celebrating their victory." "The team" hian mi tam tak a huam (collective noun) a ni a, "the coach" nen "and" hmanga zawm an nih avangin plural verb "are" hman a ni.

5. Article tel lo Subject-te:

Mi pakhat emaw, thil pakhat emawin nihna emaw mizia emaw pahnih a neih kawp hian article nawnin kan hmang lo. Hei hian mi pakhat chauh a ni tih a tichiang a, chuvangin verb pawh singular a ni reng ang.

Entirnate:

She is the CEO and founder of the company. (Amah hi he company CEO leh a dintu a ni.)

🤔Hrilhfiahna: Mi pakhat chanchin sawi a ni a, CEO leh dintu chu mi thuhmun an ni. Article "the" hi vawikhat chauh hman a ni a, verb "is" pawh subject pakhat a nih avangin 'singular' a ni.

He is a talented singer and dancer. (Amah hi thiam taka zai leh lam thiam a ni.)

💡Hrilhfiahna: "He" (Amah) hi zai thiam leh lam thiam a ni a, heng hi mi pakhat mize pahnih a ni. 

Article "a" hi nawn a ni lova, verb "is" pawh a ngaiin 'singular' a ni reng a ni.

John is the team leader and project manager. (John hi team leader leh project manager a ni.)

🤔Hrilhfiahna: John hian hna pahnih a thawk a, mahse mi pakhat a la ni reng. Article "the" hi nawn a ni lova, verb "is" pawh subject pakhat a nihna tilang turin 'singular' a ni.

🤷🏻Engvanga Article hi nawn loh tur nge?

       Article nawn hian mi pahnih hrang emaw, thil pahnih hrang sawina a kawk a, mi pakhat nihna pahnih nei sawina a ni tawh lo.

💡Entirnan: "He is the teacher and the principal." (Hei hian mi  hrang pahnih a kawk a, mi pakhat a kawk lo. Chuvangin, he sentence hi a dik lo a ni).

Entirnate:

i) The teachers, with her students, are going on a trip.

💡Hrilhfiahna: "The teachers" hi subject ber (plural) a nih avangin verb "are" hi hman a ni, "with" hnu-a plural subject "students" awm mah se.

ii) The cat, as well as the dogs, is sleeping.

💡Hrilhfiahna: "The cat" hi subject ber (singular) a nih avangin verb "is" hman a ni, "the dogs" hi plural ni mah se.

iii) The president, along with his advisors, was at the meeting.

💡Hrilhfiahna: "The president" hi subject ber (singular) a nih avangin verb "was" hman a ni, "his advisors" hi plural ni mah se.

7. CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS: 

Correlative conjunction-te hi conjunction inkawp, thuhlawm (sentence) chhunga thil inang thlunzawm tura hman thin an ni. Hengte hi thumal, phrase, emaw clause-te an ni thei a, grammatical structure inang an nei thin. A pawimawh ber chu, a  phnih hian hman ve ve tur a ni a, tichuan sentence kha a fiah thei chauh a ni.

Correlative conjunction hman lar zualte chu:

✅Either...or (A nih loh leh...emaw)

Neither...nor (A eng zawk mah...ni lo)Not only...but also (Chauh ni lovin...bawk)Both...and (A pahnih...leh)

1.Either.....or, neither...... nor"Either... or" leh "neither... nor" te hi subject-verb agreement-ah subject pahnih emaw a aia tam emaw thlunzawm nan hman an ni. Heta verb hman tur thlan dan chu verb hnaihtu ber subject zawk zira hman tur a ni.

Entirnate:

i) Either the cat or the dogs are playing outside.

💡Hrilhfiahna: Verb hnaihtu zawk "dogs" hi plural a nih avangin verb pawh "are" (plural) hman a ni.

2.Either... or... / Neither... nor...Heta thu pawimawh ber chu: Thumal pahnih "either... or" emaw "neither... nor" emaw hmanga thupui (subject) pahnih kan thlunzawm hian, verb (thiltih hrilhfiahna) khan a hnaih zawk thumal kha a zawm tur a ni.

i) Either the cat or the dogs are playing outside.

💡Hrilhfiahna: Thumal hnaih ber "dogs" kha a tam (plural) a nih avangin, verb "are" pawh kha a tam lam hman a ni.

ii) Either the dogs or the cat is playing outside.

💡Hrilhfiahna: Thumal hnaih ber "cat" kha a mal (singular) a nih avangin, verb "is" pawh singular hman a ni.

iii) Neither the dogs nor the cat is outside.

3.Not only... but also (Hemi chauh ni lo, hei pawh hi...): Heta verb hman dan pawh hi a hnaih ber thupui (subject) nen khan a inmil tur a ni.

i) Not only the manager but also the employees are responsible...Mizo: Manager chauh ni lovin, hnathawktute pawh kha an mawhphurhna a ni.

💡Hrilhfiahna: "Employees" a tam (plural) avangin "are" hman a ni.

ii) Not only the employees but also the manager is responsible...Mizo: Hnathawktute chauh ni lovin, manager pawh kha a mawhphurhna a ni.

💡Hrilhfiahna: "Manager" a mal (singular) avangin "is" hman a ni.

4.Both... and... (A pahnihin)Hei hi chu thil pahnih, pawimawh dan inchen reng thlunzawm nan hman a ni.

1. Both the movie and the book were entertaining.

Mizo: Cinema leh lehkhabu kha a pahnihin an hmuhnawm ve ve.

2. She is both intelligent and hard-working.

Mizo: A thluak a fingin, hna a thawk rim bawk.

3. Both my brother and my sister are coming to the party.

Mizo: Ka u (mipa) leh ka nau (hmeichhia) te pahnih kha party-ah an lo kal dawn.

8. EITHER, NEITHER, EACH, EVERYONE, ONE OF THE, NONE

i) Either: Thil pahnih zinga pakhat zawk a kawk a, 'singular verb' a hmang ngei ngei thin.

Entirna: Either of the two dogs is in the yard. (Ui pahnih zinga pakhat zawk chu tualah a awm.)

ii) Neither: Thil pahnih zinga tu mah/eng mah lo a kawk a, 'singular verb' a hmang ngei ngei thin.

Entirna: Neither of the teachers was present at the meeting. (Zirtirtu pahnihte zinga tu mah inkhawmah an tel lo.)

iii) Each or Everyone: Thil hlawm khat zinga mi tin/thil tin a mal te tein a kawk a, 'singular verb' a hmang ngei ngei thin.

Entirna: Everyone has completed the assignment. (Mi tinin assignment an zo tawh.)

iv) One of the: Thil hlawm khat zinga pakhat a kawk a, 'singular verb' a hmang thin.

Entirna: One of the players is injured. (Inkhel tute zinga pakhat a hliam.)

v) None: Pakhat mah emaw eng mah lo a kawk a, a hmanna azirin 'singular' emaw 'plural verb' emaw a hmang thei.

✅"None" Hman Dan

🤔Chhiar hran theih loh (Uncountable nouns): 'Food' leh 'Information' ang chi-ah hian singular verb hman tur a ni.

Entirnan: Ei tur pakhat mah a bang lo (was wasted).

🤔Chhiar hran theih (Countable nouns): "None" hi chhiar hran theih (e.g., actors) nena kan hman chuan singular emaw plural verb emaw kan hmang thei ve ve.

Entirnan: Lemchan thiam tumah an/a inpeih lo.

9. MUCH, MORE

i) Much'Much' hi chhiar hran theih loh (uncountable nouns) hmaah chauh hman tur a ni a, singular verb a hmang tlangpui.

Entirnan: Tui tam zawk hi a bawlhhlawh (is contaminated).

ii) More'More' hi chhiar hran theih leh theih loh-ah pawh hman theih a ni.

🤷🏻Uncountable nouns nena hmanin: Singular verb a hmang tur a ni (e.g., Money is, Information was).

😐Countable nouns nena hmanin: Plural verb a hmang tur a ni (e.g., Students are, Books have).

10. THE MAJORITY OF

He hming (term) hi thil chhiar theih (numbers) atan chauh hman tur a ni a, plural verb (verb tam) a zui thin bawk.

Entirnate:

The majority of children like ice cream.(Naupang a tam zawk chuan ice cream an ngaina.)

The majority of books are there.(Lehkhabu a tam zawk chu chutah chuan an awm.)