General English: Chapter -2: Pronouns ( Strictly based On Various Competitive Exam)

📝Chapter 2: Pronouns

—Written by Elisa Lalrinngheta

@Copy Right reserved by the author

✍️Introduction: Pronoun chu hming (noun) aiawha hman ṭawngkam, hming sawi nawn nawn lohna tura hman a ni. Hei hian sentence a ti tawiin a ti fiah bawk a. Exam-ah hian sentence dik lo zawnna (error-spotting), fill-in-the-blank, leh sentence tih-hmasawnna-ah te a pawimawh hle.

🤔Entirna (Example):

Pronoun Chi Hrang Hrangte

1.Personal Pronoun (Mihring kawkna)

2.Demonstrative Pronoun (Entirna/Kawhna)

3.Relative Pronoun (Inzawmna)

4.Interrogative Pronoun (Zawhna)

5.Distributive Pronoun (Sem darhna)

6.Reflexive Pronoun (Mahni inkawkna)

7.Indefinite Pronoun (Chiang lo/Bituk lo)

8.Emphasizing Pronoun (Uarna)

9.Reciprocal Pronoun (Inthlak thleng tawnna)

10.Possessive Pronoun (Neitu kawkna)

🤷🏻Personal Pronouns

✅Subjective Pronouns

Subjective Pronoun-te hi sentence-a subject (a titu) dinhmuna dingte an ni. Thiltih (action) a, verb hmaah "tunge" emaw "enge" tih zawhna an chhang thin.A tlangpuiin: I, you, he, she, it, we, leh they.

🤔Entirnate:

A.) I am going to the store. (He tah hian, "I" hi thiltih (kal) thawktu a ni.)

B.) He plays football. ("He" hi football khelhtu a ni.)

C.) They are visiting the museum. ("They" hi museum tlawhtu an ni.)

✅Objective Pronouns:

Objective Pronoun-te hi sentence-a object (thiltih dawngtu) dinhmuna dingte an ni. Thiltih an dawng a, verb hnungah "tunge" emaw "enge" tih zawhna an chhang thin.A tlangpuiin: me, you, him, her, it, us, leh them.

🤔Entirnate:

a.The teacher gave me homework. ("me" hi homework dawngtu a ni.)

b.The book belongs to her. ("her" hi preposition "to" object a ni.)

c.They invited us to the party. ("us" hi sawmna dawngtu an ni.)

2. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN:

Demonstrative pronoun hi thil emaw mi emaw tarlan bik (point) nana hman pronoun chi khat a ni. English-a demonstrative pronoun lian deuh deuh te chu this, that, these, leh those te an ni. Hming (noun) sawi kha pakhat (singular) nge tam (plural) a nih leh, hla nge hnai tih hriat nan an tangkai hle.

📌Demonstrative Pronoun Chi hrangte:

This (pakhat, hnai)Thil pakhat, hla lo te emaw hun hnai te sawi nan hman a ni

🤔Entirnan:

✅This is my favourite book. (Helaia lehkhabu hi ka duh ber a ni - a sawitu hnaihah a awm tihna.)

✅That (pakhat, hla)Thil pakhat, hla deuh emaw hmun hla deuh sawi nan hman a ni

✅These (plural, near): Used to refer to things that are plural and close in distance or time.

🤔Example: These are my shoes. (referring to shoes near the speaker)

✅Those (plural, far)

Used to refer to things that are plural and far away in distance or time.

Example: Those are his books. (referring to books that are far from the speaker).

✍️✍️Practice Questions: (Spot the errors)

Q1. John and me walked to the store after school.

✅Solutions:

"John and me" is the compound subject, but using "me" is incorrect as "me" is an objective pronoun and we must use a subject pronoun in this case.

Therefore, we must use "I" instead of "Me".

Q2. He gave John and I the key.

Solutions:

'He' is subiective pronoun whereas 'John and I' is the object in the sentence. However, 'I' is a subjective pronoun, and it must be changed to objective pronoun. Therefore, 'Me' must be used instead of 'I'.

3. RELATIVE PRONOUN

Relative pronoun hi relative clause siam nan hman a ni a, sentence-a noun (hming) chungchang hriat belh nan hman thin a ni. English-a relative pronoun hman lar zualte chu: who, whom, whose, which, leh that te an ni.

📌Relative Pronoun Hman Dan Tlangpui:

✅Who: Mi chungchang sawi nan leh relative clause-ah subject (a titu) anga hman a ni.

🤔Entirna: The artist who painted this mural is famous.Hetah hian "who" hian "the artist" (milem ziaktu) kha a hrilhfiah a ni.

✅Whom: Mi chungchang sawi nan leh relative clause-ah object anga hman a ni.

🤔Entirna: The teacher whom we met yesterday was very kind.Hetah hian "whom" hi "whom we met yesterday" tih clause-ah khan object a ni.

✅Whose: Neitu (possession) tarlanna a ni a; mi, ran, emaw thil chungchangah hman theih a ni.

🤔Entirna: She's the author whose book became a bestseller."Whose" hian lehkhabu neitu (author) kha a kawh tawh sa a ni.

✅Which: Ran emaw thil chungchang sawi nan hman a ni a, a tlangpuiin non-essential clauses (thuziak pawimawh hriat belh nan chauhva hman, sentence ti buai lova paih mai theih) ah hman thin a ni.

🤔Entirna: The house, which has a red roof, was built in 1920.Hetah hian "which has a red roof" hian in chungchang hriat belhna a pe a ni.

✅That: Mi, ran, emaw thil sawi nan hman a ni a, essential clauses (sentence-a hriat ngei ngei ngai, paih theih loh) ah hman a ni tlangpui.

🤔Entirna: The car that won the race is very fast."That won the race" tih hi motor tu ber nge sawi a ni tih hriat nan a pawimawh a ni.

✍️✏️A Kar Awl Hnawhkhat rawh:-

Q1. The Earth is the only planet in our solar system that supports life.

Q2. The Earth, which is the third planet from the sun, supports life.

Q3. The letter that you wrote to my sister was delivered yesterday.

4. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN (Zawhna Pronoun):

Zawhna zawhna pronoun-te hi zawhna siam nan leh mi, thil, emaw ngaihtuahna (idea) chungchanga hriat duh bik neih nan hman an ni. Interrogative pronoun hman lâr zualte chu:

📌Who (Tunge)

📌Whom (Tunge / Tu nge)

📌Whose (Tu ta nge)

📌What (Eng nge)

📌Which (Khawi zawk nge)

Heng pronoun-te hi zawhna bul tanna atana hman thin an ni a; mi, thil, neitu nihna, emaw thlan tur chungchang zawh nan hman an ni.

1.Who (Tunge) – Mihring chungchang zawh nan, a bikin thil titu (subject) sawina.

🤔Entirnan: Nizan khan tunge rawn bia che?

2.Whom (Tunge/Tu maw) – Mihring chungchang zawh nan, thil tuartu (object) sawina.

🤔Entirnan: Party-ah khan tunge i sawm?

3.Whose (Tu ta nge) – Thil neitu zawh nan.

🤔Entirnan: He jacket hi tu ta nge?

4.What (Eng nge) – Thil emaw chanchin emaw tlangpui zawh nan.

🤔Entirnan: Eng rawng nge i duh ber?

5.Which (Eng ber/Khawi ber nge) – Thil thlan tur tarlan tawh sa zinga thlang tura zawh nan.

🤔Entirnan: Dessert-ah khan eng ber nge i duh—cake nge ice cream?

5. Distributive Pronouns

Distributive pronoun-te hian thil emaw mihring emaw, a huhova sawi lovin, a mal malin a kawk a ni. A tlangpuiin "singular" (mimal) an ni.

🤔Entirnan: Each, every, either, neither, none, any, one.

🤷🏻 Hman dan (Rule):

Distributive pronouns + Noun (singular) + of the + Noun (plural)

🤔Entirnate:

Pawl tina zirlai tinte'n an assignment an thawk zo tawh.

Team-a mi tinte hian an mawhphurhna an nei vek.

Kawngpui sir tawn tawnah motor dahna a awm.

Duh thlan tur awm zinga khawi mah hi he project atan hian a tha lo.

Inkhel zinga tumah kha hliam an awm lo.

Each student of the classes has completed their assignment.

Every member of the teams is responsible for their task.

Either side of the streets is available for parking.

Neither option of the choices is suitable for the project.

None of the players was injured during the match.

🧐✍️Practice Questions: (Dik lo zawng rawh)

Q1. None of these two girls is curious to meet our new dance teacher.

A chhanna:

Heta 'None' hman hi a dik lo, hmeichhe pahnih (2) chauh an nih avangin. Chuvangin, 'None' aiah 'Neither' hman tur a ni.

Q2. The five brothers are at daggers drawn, so they feel it is below their dignity to talk to each other.

A chhanna: 'Each-other' aiah 'one-another' hman tur a ni, unau panga (5) an nih avangin.

6. REFLEXIVE PRONOUN

Reflexive pronoun hi thil ti tu (subject) leh thil tuartu/dawngtu (object) kha mi thuhmun emaw thil thuhmun emaw an nihin hman a ni thin. Reflexive pronouns-te hi a mal (singular) ah chuan -self in an tawp a, a tam (plural) ah chuan -selves in an tawp thin. Chungte chu: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, leh themselves te an ni.

📌Reflexive Pronouns Hman Dan:

✅Subject leh Object an thuhmun hian:Thil ti tu khan ama chungah ngei thil a ti tih entir nan hman a ni.

🤔Entirnan: She taught herself to play guitar. (Amah leh amah guitar perh a in zirtir.)

✅Uar nan (Emphasis):Thil ti tu khan amahin midang tanpuina tel lovin thil a tih,sawi uar nan hman a ni.

🤔Entirnan: I baked this cake myself. (He cake hi keimah ngeiin ka ur a ni.)

✅Chiang lo tura ngaih hriatfiah nan: Tunge sawi tum tak a nih chian loh huna fiah nan hman a ni.

🤔Entirnan: The manager said the employees should trust themselves. (Hnathawktute kha mahni leh mahni inring tura a tihna a ni.)

🕵️Reflexive Pronouns Entirnate:

✅Myself: I completed the project myself. (Keimah ngeiin project hi ka zo.)

✅Yourself: Did you make this meal yourself? (He chaw hi nangmah ngeiin i siam em ni?)

✅Himself: He injured himself during the game. (Inkhelh laiin amah leh amah a inti hliam.)

📌Note:

Reflexive Pronouns are never used with certain verbs like: start, stop, keep, hide, bath, shave.

Example:

He bathed himself in the river.❌

7. INDEFINITE PRONOUN (Pronoun bitum bîk nei lo)

Indefinite pronoun hi mi, hmun, thil, emaw ngaihdan tlângpui, bîk nei lova sawina a ni. Mi emaw, thil emaw, tam lam emaw bîk kher a kâwk lo a, chu chuan "indefinite" (bitum bîk nei lo) a nihtîr a ni. Indefinite pronouns hman lâr zualte chu: someone, anyone, everyone, nobody, few, many, all, some, leh several-te an ni.

📌Indefinite Pronouns chi hrangte:

Singular Indefinite Pronouns – Mi pakhat emaw thil pakhat chauh kâwk tute.

🤔Entirnâte: someone, anyone, everyone, nobody, each, either, another.

Hman dân: Someone left their bag here. (Mi tuemawin hetah hian an bag an hnutchhiah – mi tura sawi bîk nei lo kâwkna a ni).

✅Plural Indefinite Pronouns – Mi pakhat aia tam emaw thil pakhat aia tam kâwk tute.

Examples: few, many, several, both

Usage: Many are interested in the new book. (refers to an unspecified number of people)

3. Indefinite Pronouns that Can Be Singular or Plural - These can be singular or plural, depending on the noun they refer to.

Examples: all, some, any, most, none

Usage (singular): Some of the cake was eaten.

Usage (plural): Some of the cakes were eaten. (In this case, "some")

English hian sawi teh ang a chiang zawk😆?

📝Common Indefinite Pronouns and Examples:

✅Someone, somebody, something

Usage: Someone left the door open.

(refers to an unknown person)

✅Anyone, anybody, anything

Usage: Is anyone home?

(refers to any person without specifying who)

✅Everyone, everybody, everything

Usage: Everyone enjoyed the concert.

(refers to all people in a general way)

✅No one, nobody, nothing

Usage: Nobody knows the answer.

(refers to an absence of any person knowing

✅Few, many, several

Usage: Few understand the complexity of the topic.

(refers to a small, indefinite number of people) imber

✅All, some, most, none

1) : All of the

Usage (singular): All of the information is accurate.

Usage (plural): All of the students are present.

1. "Many + A/ An"

Even though "many" usually implies a plural, when followed by the indefinite articles a or an, it takes a singular verb.

🤔Example: Many a student has faced this challenge.

2. "More than one"

Despite referring to potentially multiple people/things, the phrase "more than one" is treated as singular and requires a singular verb.

🤔Example: More than one person is interested in the position.

3. "More than two"

Once the number exceeds one (e.g., two, three, etc.), the phrase follows standard logic and takes a plural verb.

🤔Example: More than two students are participating in the competition.

8. Pronoun uarna (Emphasizing Pronouns):

Emphatic pronoun-te hi reflexive pronoun-te nen an inang hle a, mahse sentence-a noun emaw pronoun emaw uar/nemnghet tura hman an ni.

🤔Entirnate:

✅I myself painted the wall.(Keimah ngei hian bang hi ka hnawih a ni.)

✅She herself solved the problem.(Amah ngei khan buaina chu a chingfel a ni.)

🤔Entirna dangte:

✅The king himself attended the meeting.(Lal ngei kha inkhawmna/meeting-ah khan a tel a ni.)

✅I completed the whole homework assignment myself.(Homework zawng zawng hi keimah ngei hian ka thawk zo a ni.)

9. RECIPROCAL PRONOUN (Pronoun in-pui tawn sawina):

Reciprocal pronoun hi mi pahnih emaw a aia tam, group emaw, thil emawten thil engemaw an tih dun a, a chhia/a tha an dawn tawn ve ve hian hman a ni thin.

English-ah chuan reciprocal pronoun hi pahnih a awm a, chungte chu each other leh one another te an ni.

📌Reciprocal Pronoun-te hman dan:

✅Each Other – Mihring emaw thil emaw pahnih (2) chauh an awm hian hman tlangpui a ni.

🤔Entirna: The two friends helped each other with their homework. (Thian pahnihte chuan an homework-ah an in-pui tawn a.)

✅One Another – Mihring emaw thil emaw pathum (3) emaw a aia tam an awm hian hman tlangpui a ni.

🤔Entirna: The eleven team members supported one another throughout the tournament. (Team member sawm leh pakhatte chu tournament chhung zawng khan an in-support/an in-pui tawn a.)

📌Possessive Pronouns (Neitu nihna sawina Pronoun): Thil neitu nihna (ownership) tarlanna thumal hi possessive pronouns an ni. Thil engemaw emaw tu emaw khan a nei a ni tih hriat nan hman a ni. Noun thuhmun hman nawn loh nan noun aiah hman an ni thin.

🤔Entirna: mine (ka ta), yours (i ta), his (a ta - mipa), hers (a ta - hmeichhia), its (a ta - thil), ours (kan ta).

🤔Entirnate:That red book is mine, not yours. (Kha lehkhabu sen kha ka ta a ni, i ta a ni lo.)

The choice was entirely hers to make. (Thuthlukna siam chu a ta (a kuta awm) liau liau a ni.)

📝Practice Questions and Answer

1. Identify the error in the sentence: "It is me who have done this work."

A) It is I who have

B) It is me who has

C) It is I who have done

D) It is I who has done

✅Answer & Explanation

Answer: D) It is I who has doneRule of Relative Pronouns: The verb following a relative pronoun (like 'who', 'which', 'that') agrees with its antecedent. The antecedent of 'who' is 'I', so the verb must be 'have', and the pronoun following 'It is' must be in the subjective case ('I' instead of 'me').

2. Neither of the two sisters has submitted _______ assignment.

A) their

B) her

C) his

D) our

✅Answer & Explanation

Answer: B) herRule of Distributive Pronouns: 'Neither' takes a singular verb and singular possessive pronoun. Since the sisters are female, the possessive pronoun is 'her'.

3. You, he and I _______ to complete the project by tomorrow.

A) are

B) am

C) is

D) have

✅Answer & Explanation

Answer: A) areRule of Normal Pronoun Order (231 Rule): When second, third, and first person pronouns are used together in a positive sentence, the order is 2 nd → 3 rd → 1 st person. Since there are multiple subjects (plural in sense), it takes a plural verb ('are').

4. One must perform _______ duties sincerely.

A) his

B) her

C) one's

D) their

✅Answer & Explanation

Answer: C) one'sRule of Indefinite Pronoun 'One': When 'one' is used as the subject of a sentence, its possessive form is always 'one's', not 'his' or 'their'.

5: Choose the correct pronoun to complete the sentence:

"Between you and ________, I do not trust his new business plan."

(a) I

(b) me

(d) mine

✅Answer: (b) me

Explanation: The preposition "between" requires objective pronouns (me), not subjective pronouns (I).

6: Identify the correct relative pronoun:

"The officer ________ was selected for the state training program is from Aizawl."

(a) which

(b) whom

(d) whose

✅Answer: (c) whoExplanation: "Who" acts as the subject of the verb "was selected

7.Which sentence contains a correctly used reflexive pronoun?

(a) Himself completed the MPSC application.

(b) The candidates prepared themselves for the exam.

(d) They managed the event Ramesh and myself.

✅Answer: (b) The candidates prepared themselves for the exam.Explanation: Reflexive pronouns cannot be used without a stated subject/antecedent, ruling out (a) and (d).

Q8: Fill in the blank:

"________ of the applicants seem to understand the new syllabus guidelines."

(a) Neither

(b) This

(d) These

✅Answer: (d) TheseExplanation: "Applicants" is plural, requiring the plural demonstrative pronoun "These."

9.Choose the appropriate indefinite pronoun:

"I hope ________ at the Mizoram Secretariat picks up the phone."

(a) somebody

(b) anybody

(d) everybody

✅Answer: (a) somebody

Explanation: In an affirmative hope/expectation, "somebody" is preferred over "anybody" which is largely reserved for negatives/questions.

10. Identify the correct pronoun:

"The lady ________ car was parked in the restricted zone was fined."

(a) who

(b) whom

(d) which

✅Answer: (c) whoseExplanation: "Whose" indicates possession relative to the car.

Q11.Find the error in the pronoun agreement:

"Every official must ensure that ________ submits their report on time."

(a) they

(b) he or she

(d) we

✅Answer: (b) he or sheExplanation: Singular indefinite pronouns like "every official" strictly take singular pronouns. "He or she" maintains formal agreement.

Q12.Fill in the blank: "Each of the candidates brought ________ own stationery to the examination hall."

(a) their

(b) his

(d) your

✅Answer: (b) his (or 'their' in modern usage, but 'his' remains standard for singular distributives on competitive exams)

📌Explanation: "Each" is singular, so it demands a singular possessive pronoun.

Q13.Identify the underlined/highlighted part of speech in the sentence:

"Ours is the last house in the street."

(a) Preposition

(b) Adjective

(d) Possessive Pronoun

✅Answer: (d) Possessive Pronoun (“Ours” stands for “Our house”)

Q14.Identify the part of speech of the word "What" in: "What are the latest tidings?"

(a) Conjunction

(b) Interrogative Pronoun

(d) Relative Pronoun

✅Answer: (b) Interrogative Pronoun (Used to ask a question and functions as the subject)

Q15.Identify the pronoun type of the highlighted word in: "This is my friend who lives in Aizawl."

(a) Personal Pronoun

(b) Relative Pronoun

(d) Indefinite Pronoun

✅Answer: (b) Relative Pronoun (Connects the dependent clause back to the antecedent "friend")

Thank you.

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Elisa Hauheng

General English: Chapter -2: Pronouns ( Strictly based On Various Competitive Exam)

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