History of Banking ( Banking Awareness)
Zirlai Pakhatna: History of Banking in India
✍️Written by: Elisa Lalrinngheta (Zo Guide Founder)
@Copyright Reserved by the author
✅Introduction: Bank system hi India economy-ah a pawimawh hle a, economic growth leh development-ah a bulpui ber a ni. Financial sector-a sum che vel zawng zawng atanga 70% chuang a che vel a, chu chuan ram financial framework-ah hmun pawimawh tak a luah a ni.
✅Bank System Hna:
1.Sum pek/dawn kawng awlsam zawk siam.
2.Mipui sum khawlna leh venhimna hmunpui.
3.Mimal leh business te hnenah pawisa pukin.
4.India rama bank lo chawrchhuah dan chu phase hnihah then theih a ni:
✅.Pre-Independence Phase (1786-1947)
✅.Post-Independence Phase (1947-present)
1).Pre-Nationalization Period (1947-1969)
2).Post-Nationalization Period (1969-1991)
3).Liberalization Period (1991-present)
4).Pre-Independence Phase (1786-1947)
India rama bank hmasa ber chu Bank of Hindustan a ni a, kum 1770-ah din a ni a, Calcutta (India khawpui hlui) ah headquarter a awm. Mahse, kum 1832-ah a bang leh a ni. He hun chhung hian, India ramah bank 600 chuang register a ni a, mahse tlemte chauh an dam khawchhuak.
He hun laia bank pawimawh din te chu General Bank of India (1786-1791), Bank of Bengal (1809), Bank of Bombay (1840), leh Bank of Madras (1843) te an ni. Heng bank pathum te hi East India Company-in a din a ni a, Presidency Banks tiin an ko thin. Kum 1921-ah Imperial Bank of India din turin an insuihfin a, chu chu kum 1955-ah nationalize a ni a, State Bank of India (SBI) tia thlak a ni. SBI hi tunah chuan ram bank lian ber a ni.
He hun chhung hian bank pawimawh dang din te chu Allahabad Bank (1865), Punjab National Bank (1894), Bank of India (1906), Canara Bank (1906), Central Bank of India (1911), leh Bank of Baroda (1908) te an ni. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) chu kum 1935-ah din a ni a Hilton-Young Commission bultumin . Chutihchuan, he hunlaia banking system hian khawpuite chauh a enkawl ber a, thingtlang leh agriculture sector-te erawh a ngaihthah thung a ni.
✅ Bank an chhiat chhan:
Technological advancement an neih loh vang.
2. Kutkawih error leh hun heh lutuk process-te.
3. Facilities an tlem lutuk.
4. Management skills an tha tawk lo.
✅ Post-Independence Phase
Pre-Nationalization Period (1947-1969)
Independence hnuah, bank-te hi private neih a la ni deuh ber a, thingtlang mite chu pawisa puktirtu (moneylenders) te chauh an innghahna an ni. Heng harsatnate hmachhawn tur hian, kum 1949-ah Reserve Bank of India chu nationalized (sawrkar hnuaia dah) a ni a. Imperial Bank of India pawh kum 1955-ah nationalized niin, State Bank of India tia thlak a ni bawk. Banking Regulation Act hi he sector tidanglam tur hian kum 1949-ah hman tan a ni.
✅ Post-Nationalization Period (1969-1991)
Banking hi kum 1969-a bank lian 14 nationalization anih hnuah nasa takin hma a sawn a, chutihrualin thingtlang leh mirethei zawk te chu a la serve tha tawk lo. Kum 1974-ah, Narasimham Committee chuan Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) din turin rawtna a siam a. RRBs hmasa ber chu October 2, 1975-ah din niin, thingtlang mipuite hnena credit pe turin a ni. Bank paruk dang chu kum 1980-ah nationalized leh niin, nationalized bank zawng zawng chu 20-ah an chho a ni.
Kum 1980-a nationalized bank zingah chuan Andhra Bank, Corporation Bank, New Bank of India, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Punjab & Sind Bank, leh Vijaya Bank te an tel a ni. Chu bakah, SBI subsidiary pasarih chu kum 1959-ah nationalized an ni a, chung zingah chuan State Bank of Patiala, State Bank of Hyderabad, leh State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur te an tel a ni. Heng subsidiary-te hi SBI-ah merge (zawm) vek an ni a, a hnuhnung ber chu kum 2017-ah a ni.
✅ Nationalization thatna:
Economic stability leh hmasawnna a tipung.
1.Banking system a efficient zawk.
2. Thingtlang leh agriculture hmasawnna a thlen nasa hle.
✅ Hna thawh theihna tam zawk.
1.Sawrkarin mipui hmasawnna atan sum hman theihna a siam.
✅ Liberalization Hun (1991-tun thleng)
Kum 1991 khan, sumdawnna system tihchangtlun leh tihngheh nan siamthatna pawimawh tak tak kalpui a ni. Narasimham Committee chuan bank-te intlansiak theih leh sum lama an dinhmun nghet zawk theih nan rawtna pawimawh tak a pe a. He committee hian bank-te sawrkar puala siam belh tawh lo turin a rel a, retail leh merchant banking ang chi banking practices changkang zawk kalpui turin a fuih a ni.
Sawrkar chuan private bank-te hnenah license a pe a, chungte chu ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, leh Axis Bank te an ni. Bank ramdang mite pawhin India ramah branch emaw subsidiary emaw an din theih phalsak an ni bawk. Payments bank leh small finance bank te siam an ni a, internet banking pawh banking system-ah a pawimawh hle tawh. Heng danglamna te hian India rama banking system chu hmasawn chak tak leh hlawhtling takin a siam a ni.
✅ India Rama Banking Hmasawnna Thar
Hmasawnna thar zinga mi chu kum 2003 leh 2004 khan Kotak Mahindra Bank leh Yes Bank te hnenah banking license pek an ni. Kum 2014 khan, RBI chuan IDFC leh Bandhan Financial Services te bank din turin a pawmpui bawk. Tunah hian, India rama banking industry hi hmasawn zel turin hmalakna hrang hrang kalpui mek zel a ni a, chumiin economy hmasawnna a pui dawn a ni.
✅ India Rama Banking Kawng Hnuk Pawimawh
1.India rama bank hmasa ber chu Bank of Hindustan (1770) a ni.
2.India mite'n an enkawl bank hmasa ber chu Oudh Commercial Bank a ni.
3.Punjab National Bank chu India sum puala bank hmasa ber a ni.
4.HSBC chu India rama bank ramdang mi hmasa ber a ni.
5.Canara Bank chu India rama ISO-certified bank hmasa ber a ni.
6.Bank of India chu India rama bank, ramdanga branch hawng hmasa ber a ni.
7.ICICI Bank chu India rama internet banking hmang hmasa ber a ni.
8.Rural regional bank hmasa ber chu Prathama Bank a ni a, Syndicate Bank-in a sponsor.
9.HSBC chuan India rama ATM hmasa ber chu kum 1987 khan Mumbai-ah a hmang chhuak.
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